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Adult ADHD and Comorbid Disorders Many people suffering from ADHD have comorbid conditions such as major depression (Kessler and co., 2006). Many depressed patients do not respond well to medications and may get better results from therapy. Treatments that are most effective in reducing the most fundamental symptoms of ADHD are those that boost and balance levels of specific neurotransmitters in the brain. The most commonly prescribed stimulants are amphetamine, methylphenidate, and similar drugs. Medications Many medications that are used to treat ADHD in children can be used in adults. The dosages and the side effects are different. The doctor will take a look at the medical history, the family health history, and other conditions of an individual to determine which drug is the best for them. The most well-known ADHD medication is a stimulant. It works by adjusting the levels of norepinephrine, and dopamine in the brain. Stimulants like methylphenidate and dextro-amphetamine (commonly called Adderall) boost the supply of these neurotransmitters. They help improve focus and reduce impulsivity and aggression. They are available in a variety of forms like chewable tablets, liquids and skin patches. Long-acting versions of these stimulants are preferable as they result in greater patient compliance and a longer lasting and smoother improvement of symptoms. It is important to keep in mind that comorbidities like depression and anxiety disorders can influence the response to ADHD medication. Therefore, it is recommended that disorders be treated first, and then medication used as a second measure. The medications that are used to treat comorbid mood disorders include atomoxetine, bupropion and tricyclic antidepressants (Wilens 2004).). Some patients may exhibit an “rebound” effect in which they experience a worsening of ADHD symptoms after discontinuing stimulant medication. In these instances, a brief trial of a low dosage of stimulant medication may be helpful. Certain people are not able to tolerate stimulant medication or cannot take it due to the misuse of drugs or other health issues like heart or hypertension problems that are severe. In these situations, non-stimulant medications like atomoxetine (Strattera) and viloxazine (Qelbree) can be effective. These medications do not cause the same level of adverse effects as stimulants and have a lower risk for misuse and diversion. Psychotherapy People with ADHD are able to benefit from psychotherapy (talk therapy). It can help them learn techniques to improve their lives, deal with anxiety and stress, work out conflicts, and deal with issues in relationships or at work. It can also assist with those suffering from mental illness that are co-existing, like addiction and depression disorders. Talk therapies include cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and mind-body cognitive therapy and schema therapy. These therapies are based on notion that a person's beliefs and thoughts affect how they behave, think and feel. CBT assists individuals in identifying negative patterns of behavior and thoughts and then develop and implement positive strategies to change them. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy uses techniques of meditation to help a person learn to concentrate on their emotions and thoughts, manage their impulses, and improve their executive functioning. Schema therapy and other forms of psychotherapy that focus on a person's family history may be useful for people suffering from ADHD with significant secondary problems. Psychotherapy, along with medication, can help with specific ADHD issues, like difficulties with schoolwork or getting along with other people. It can also assist in forgetting important dates and responsibilities, and making decisions that are impulsive and result in legal and financial issues. Psychotherapy can help someone overcome underlying issues such as depression and anxiety that may contribute to their ADHD symptoms. Psychotherapy can assist people in finding healthy coping techniques and reduce stress. For example, exercise, sleep improvement, and healthy eating habits. Read the Full Post can also provide support to a spouse or family member who may be dealing with the effects of ADHD on their relationship. Marriage and family therapy can help families and couples communicate better and learn how to manage ADHD symptoms together. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy CBT is a form of psychotherapy which focuses on transforming the patterns of negative thinking of the client. It involves a dialogue based on skills with a mental health professional to identify the root cause of symptoms. The goal of this treatment is to overcome the limitations and implement coping strategies that are compatible with the person's everyday life. In addition, they teach clients to recognize unhelpful thoughts, those who specialize in adult ADHD CBT aid them in developing abilities that enable them to replace negative thoughts with more productive ones. This process can take some time. However, it's a good option for those who do not receive enough relief from medications. A recent RCT study found that when paired with medication, CBT is superior to cognitive behavioral therapy on its own in reducing core symptoms, emotional symptoms as well as self-esteem and social functioning of adults with ADHD (Clarke et al. 2017). The combination of CBT and methylphenidate is particularly effective for those with more severe underlying issues. The therapists who provide this treatment usually work with the client to create an action plan that is specific to solving their issues. They usually teach clients a set of practical skills that are easy to apply and have a high likelihood of being successful. Charts are typically used to track progress and reward positive behaviors. This could include a daily report for a child that outlines the tasks they are required to complete in school or the positive behaviors that need to be displayed, as well as a system of recording and rewarding. Therapists may also discuss the possibility that negative consequences may be imposed if a child isn't able to finish their work. This can be done with sensitivity and support. Metacognitive Therapy Metacognitive therapy is an innovative kind of psychotherapy that helps people change their mindset. This type of therapy can be beneficial to those who suffer from various mental health problems, such as depression. It's a type of cognitive behavioral therapy that assists people to identify their negative thought patterns and how they affect their moods. This kind of therapy can also assist in the acquisition of psychological tools that are flexible and beneficial. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between metacognitive skills and daily functioning among adults suffering from ADHD. To do this we compared self- and informant-rated impairments in daily functioning with predictors of Metacognition (comprehensive Knowledge, Regulation of Cognition, Debugging, Information Management and Evaluation). The results indicated that comprehensive knowledge was linked to daily functioning in adults with ADHD but not with regulatory processes. The predictive ability of a model incorporating predictors of metacognition was moderate, indicating that they can explain significant proportions of the variation in the daily functioning of people with ADHD. Metacognitive Therapy (MCT) is an intervention that focuses on changing metacognitive beliefs that cause dysfunction and perpetuate states like worry, rumination, or attention fixation. MCT was developed by Adrian Wells based on an information processing model developed by Wells and Gerald Matthews. MCT has been shown to be effective in treating anxiety disorders. However, it's still an emerging treatment and more research is required to determine if it can help with other disorders. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of MCT to treat symptoms of illness anxiety disorder. However, it can be used to treat a variety disorders and is more effective than other therapy. This is not a cure, but can be utilized to treat ADHD. Family Therapy In family therapy, the therapist collaborates with all members of the family. This allows everyone to learn about the client's issues and learn how to support their loved one more effectively. It also assists them in finding ways to manage their own anxieties and develop healthier communication skills. This type of counseling could be used to tackle comorbid conditions, such as substance abuse and depression which are frequently associated as a result of ADHD. The therapist will start with an intake session in order to gain an understanding of the family's perception of the issue and determine their ability to intervene with the family. This can be done online or in person. The therapist will explain to each client the nature of treatment and the do's & don'ts for family therapy. A therapist with worked with adults suffering from ADHD asks lots of questions to get a better understanding of their current symptoms as well as their past and the impact they have on their work, family, and relationships. They will also ask if there are any other mental health issues like anxiety or depression. Cognitive behavioral therapy is a structured kind of counseling that teaches you how to manage your behavior and transform negative patterns of thinking to positive ones. It focuses on improving your self esteem and self-control through teaching techniques to cope with anger and stress. This is a temporary option that can be utilized in conjunction with other types psychotherapy. Individual therapy helps those with ADHD to deal with the emotional baggage that comes from failure and underachievement. add treatment natural can also assist them in dealing with relationship conflicts, job changes, and academic difficulties. It can help you develop ways to manage stress and cope and help you manage your time and finances more efficiently. It can also address comorbid disorders such as mood and anxiety disorders which are frequently associated as a result of ADHD.